'rough-surfaced' originates from English as a compound of 'rough' + 'surfaced' (the past-participial/adjectival form of 'surface').

'rough' comes from Old English 'ruh' (Middle English 'roughe') meaning 'coarse, hairy'; 'surface' comes from Latin 'superficies' via Old French 'surface' and Middle English 'surface'. The participial form 'surfaced' (from the verb 'to surface') plus 'rough' formed the compound adjective 'rough-surfaced' in modern English.

Initially 'rough' meant 'coarse' or 'hairy' and 'surface' meant 'face' or 'outer layer'; over time the compound came to mean specifically 'having a coarse or uneven outer layer' (the modern sense).