'rearrange' originates from English, formed by the prefix 're-' plus the verb 'arrange', where 're-' meant 'again' and 'arrange' meant 'to put in order'.

'arrange' came into English via Old French (e.g. 'arangier'/'arrangier'), from Late Latin/Vulgar Latin roots (related to arranging/ordering); 'rearrange' developed by adding the productive prefix 're-' to modern English 'arrange'.

Initially it literally meant 'to put in order again'; over time it broadened to include changing order or organization in many contexts (furniture, schedules, sequences, plans, musical parts, etc.).