'market-adapted' is a compound formed from 'market' + 'adapted'. 'Market' ultimately comes from Old French/Medieval Latin (Old French 'marché', Medieval Latin 'mercatus') meaning 'trade' or 'place of trade', while 'adapted' comes from Latin 'adaptāre' (ad- + aptāre) where 'ad-' meant 'to/toward' and 'aptāre' meant 'to fit'.

'market' entered English via Old French 'marche'/'marché' and Middle English 'market' (from Medieval Latin 'mercatus'), becoming the modern English 'market'. 'Adapted' derives from Latin 'adaptāre', passed through Old French 'adapter' and Middle English usage before becoming the modern participle 'adapted'; the compound 'market-adapted' is a modern English formation combining these elements to describe something fitted for a market.

Originally the components meant 'place of trade' (market) and 'to fit' (adapt); over time they combined into a modern compound meaning 'made fit or modified specifically for a particular market', a fairly literal extension of the original senses.