a combining form from Greek meaning 'on', 'upon', 'over' used to form words indicating position or location (e.g., epidermis — outer layer of skin).

ギリシャ語由来の結合形で「上に・〜の上に（位置）」を表す（例：epidermis＝皮膚の外層）

used in words to indicate 'outer' or 'external' (e.g., epicardium — the outer layer of the heart).

語中で「外側・外部」を示す（例：epicardium＝心臓の外膜）

used to indicate 'after' or 'following' in temporal or sequential senses (e.g., epilogue — a section after the main text).

時間的・順序的に「〜の後に・次に」を示す（例：epilogue＝本編の後の章）