'vermillion' originates from Latin, specifically the word 'vermiculus', where 'vermis' meant 'worm' (with 'vermiculus' as a diminutive meaning 'little worm') and referred to dyes or colours produced from small insects or worms.

'vermillion' changed from Old French 'vermeillon' and Medieval Latin 'vermiculus' and entered English via Middle English forms (e.g. 'vermeil'/'vermeilon'), eventually becoming the modern English word 'vermillion'.

Initially it meant 'a dye or pigment associated with (literally) little worms or insects', but over time it evolved into its current meaning of 'a vivid red pigment or color'.