Langimage
English

sperm-independent

|sperm-in-de-pen-dent|

C2

🇺🇸

/spɝm ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənt/

🇬🇧

/spɜːm ˌɪndɪˈpɛnd(ə)nt/

not needing sperm

Etymology
Etymology Information

'sperm-independent' originates from a combination of two elements: 'sperm' and 'independent'. 'sperm' originates from Greek, specifically the word 'sperma', where 'sperma' meant 'seed'. 'independent' originates from Latin, specifically the word 'independens', where the prefix 'in-' meant 'not' and the root 'dependere' meant 'to hang down or be suspended'.

Historical Evolution

'sperm' entered English via Late Latin 'sperma' from Greek 'sperma', and 'independent' entered English via Old French 'independant' from Latin 'independens'. The modern compound 'sperm-independent' was formed in modern English by combining these two elements to describe processes not reliant on sperm.

Meaning Changes

Initially, 'sperma' meant 'seed' and 'independens' meant 'not hanging from' or 'not dependent'; over time the combined modern usage came to mean 'not requiring sperm' or 'occurring without the involvement of sperm'.

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Meanings by Part of Speech

Adjective 1

not requiring or depending on sperm for fertilization, development, or activation; occurring independently of sperm.

Some species can undergo sperm-independent development through parthenogenesis.

Synonyms

parthenogeneticasexualnon-sperm-dependent

Antonyms

sperm-dependentsexualfertilization-dependent

Last updated: 2026/01/16 17:41

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