'marble-patterned' is a Modern English compound formed from 'marble' + 'patterned'. 'marble' ultimately comes from Latin 'marmor' (via Old French 'marbre'), and 'patterned' is the past-participial/adjectival form of 'pattern' (from Old French 'patron'/'patronne' meaning model or design).

'marble' came into English from Old French 'marbre', from Latin 'marmor', originally from Ancient Greek 'mármaros' meaning 'shining stone'. 'pattern' entered English via Old French (e.g. 'patron') and Middle English forms, evolving into the verb and adjective forms (pattern → patterned). The compound 'marble-patterned' developed in Modern English by combining these elements to describe a surface resembling marble.

Individually, 'marble' originally referred to the actual stone; 'patterned' meant 'having a pattern'. Together, the compound evolved to mean 'having a pattern resembling marble' rather than referring to actual marble material.