Langimage
English

lightens

|light/ens|

B1

/ˈlaɪtən/

(lighten)

make lighter or brighter

Base FormPlural3rd Person Sing.PastPast ParticiplePresent ParticipleNounAdjective
lightenlightenerslightenslightenedlightenedlighteninglighteninglightened
Etymology
Etymology Information

'lighten' originates from Old English, specifically the verb 'lihtan' (also spelled 'līhtan'), formed from the adjective 'lēoht'/'leoht' meaning 'light' plus the verbalizing suffix '-en'.

Historical Evolution

'lighten' developed in Old English as 'lihtan' (to make light) and passed into Middle English as 'lightenen' before becoming the modern English 'lighten'.

Meaning Changes

Initially, it meant 'to make light in weight or brightness'; over time it also developed figurative senses such as 'to relieve burden' or 'to make less serious (mood or situation)'.

Meanings by Part of Speech

Verb 1

third-person singular present of 'lighten': to make something less heavy or to reduce the weight or load of something.

She lightens her backpack by leaving unnecessary books at home.

Synonyms

Antonyms

burdensheavies

Verb 2

third-person singular present of 'lighten': to make a color or shade paler or to make a place brighter by adding light.

The morning sun lightens the kitchen and makes it feel warm.

Synonyms

Antonyms

darkensdeepens

Verb 3

third-person singular present of 'lighten': to reduce the severity or seriousness of something, or to make someone's mood less heavy.

A small joke lightens the tense meeting and helps people relax.

Synonyms

Antonyms

Last updated: 2025/12/02 12:02