'instigate' originates from Latin, specifically the word 'instigare,' where 'in-' meant 'into' and 'stigare' meant 'to goad or spur.'

'instigare' transformed into the Old French word 'instiguer,' and eventually became the modern English word 'instigate' through Middle English.

Initially, it meant 'to goad or spur into action,' and this meaning has largely remained the same in modern usage.