'card-free' is a compound word formed from 'card' and 'free', where 'card' refers to a physical or digital card used for transactions or identification, and 'free' implies the absence of necessity or requirement.

The term 'card-free' emerged in the late 20th century as digital payment methods began to replace traditional card-based transactions.

Initially, it referred to any system not requiring a physical card, but now it often implies the use of digital or contactless technology.