'bankrupture' ultimately originates from Italian and Old French sources: Italian 'banca rotta' (literally 'broken bench') via Old French 'banqueroute' and Middle French forms; the element refers to a broken or ruined banking bench.

'banca rotta' (Italian) > Old French 'banqueroute' > Middle English forms such as 'bankrupt' and 'bankruptcy'; 'bankrupture' appears in Early Modern English as a learned/analogous formation and later became rare, with 'bankruptcy' prevailing.

Originally tied to the image of a 'broken bench' (the public bench of a moneylender) and signifying failure of a banker, the sense generalized to 'financial failure' or 'insolvency'; in modern English the term is archaic/rare and largely replaced by 'bankruptcy'.