'axis' originates from Latin, specifically the word 'axis', where the root referred to an 'axle' or 'axis' (a central line or pivot).

'axis' was used in Latin with the same form; it passed into scientific and literary English from Latin (via New/Medieval Latin) as 'axis' and retained its form and basic meaning.

Initially, it meant an 'axle' or 'central shaft'; over time it broadened to mean any central line, reference line, or pivot in geometry, anatomy, and other fields.