'autarchic' (and by extension 'autarchically') originates from Greek, specifically the adjective 'autárkhēs' or the noun 'autarkía', where 'auto-' meant 'self' and 'arkh-/arkhē' meant 'rule' or 'authority' (and in related formation 'autarkēs' meant 'self-sufficient').

'autárkhēs' / 'autarkía' in Ancient Greek passed into Late Latin and then into modern European languages (e.g. French, English) as forms like 'autarkic'/'autarchic' and the noun 'autarchy'/'autarky', leading to English adjectives and adverbs such as 'autarchic' and 'autarchically'.

Initially it referred to 'self-rule' or 'self-sufficiency' in Greek; over time English uses have retained these core senses, extending to political self-government and economic self-sufficiency, with 'autarchically' meaning 'in that self-governing or self-sufficient manner.'