'astrometeorology' originates from Greek and Late Latin roots: specifically Greek 'astron' and Greek/Latin 'meteōrologia', where 'astron' meant 'star' and 'meteōron' (from which 'meteor-') meant 'phenomenon in the air' (or 'high in the air'), and '-logia' meant 'study'.

'astrometeorology' developed in Modern English as a compound of the prefix 'astro-' (from Greek 'astron') and 'meteorology' (from Late Latin/Greek 'meteōrologia'). 'Meteōrologia' passed into Latin as 'meteorologia' and into Middle English as 'meteorologie', eventually giving modern 'meteorology' and the compound 'astrometeorology' to describe the intersection of celestial observation and weather prediction.

Initially it meant 'forecasting weather from celestial phenomena' and was treated as a practical method; over time the practice came to be seen as historical or pseudoscientific and is now distinguished from modern, scientific meteorology.