'arthroneuralgia' originates from Greek elements: 'arthro-' from Greek 'arthron' meaning 'joint', and 'neuralgia' ultimately from Greek 'neuron' meaning 'nerve' plus 'algos' meaning 'pain'.

'arthroneuralgia' is a modern English compound formed by combining the medical combining form 'arthro-' (from Greek 'arthron') with 'neuralgia' (from Greek 'neuron' + 'algos'); it does not have a distinct medieval English ancestor and is a 20th/21st-century coinage in medical contexts.

The separate roots originally meant 'joint' and 'nerve pain'; combined as 'arthroneuralgia' the term now specifically denotes nerve-related pain localized to a joint.