'arthrodial' originates from New Latin (and ultimately Greek), from Greek 'arthron' meaning 'joint' combined with an adjectival formation referring to joint type.

'arthrodial' developed via New Latin/medical Latin usage (e.g. 'arthrodia' or 'arthrodialis') into English medical terminology as 'arthrodial'.

Initially it referred broadly to things 'of the joint' and then became specialized to denote the specific type of gliding/plane joint now described as 'arthrodial'.