'arteriodiastasis' originates from New Latin/medical Greek elements: 'arterio-' from Latin 'arteria' (from Greek 'artēria', meaning 'artery') combined with Greek 'diastasis' ('διαστασις') meaning 'separation'.

'arteriodiastasis' was formed in modern medical usage by compounding the prefix 'arterio-' and the Greek noun 'diastasis'; it entered English medical literature as a technical descriptive term in the 19th–20th centuries.

Initially, 'diastasis' simply meant 'separation'; when combined as 'arteriodiastasis' it came to denote specifically the separation or widening (dilation) of an artery.