'arterialise' originates from English, specifically from the adjective 'arterial', which itself comes from Latin 'arteria' (from Greek 'artēria'), where 'arteria' meant 'windpipe' or 'artery'. The verb is formed with the verb-forming suffix '-ise'/'-ize'.

'artēria' (Greek) became Latin 'arteria'; from Latin developed the adjective 'arterialis' and the English adjective 'arterial'; later English formed the verb 'arterialise'/'arterialize' by adding the suffix '-ise'/'-ize', and the present participle became 'arterialising'/'arterializing'.

Initially associated with the anatomical term for a blood vessel (and historically the windpipe), the sense evolved to adjectives meaning 'relating to an artery' and then to the verbal sense 'to make or become arterial' used in medical contexts.