'arcuate' originates from Latin, specifically the past participle 'arcuatus', where 'arcus' meant 'bow'.

'arcuatus' in Late Latin passed into scientific and descriptive use in English (via learned borrowing) as 'arcuate' by way of Middle Latin/Modern Latin influences, eventually becoming the English adjective 'arcuate'.

Initially it meant 'bent or shaped like a bow' in Latin, and over time it has retained that core meaning in English, now used generally and in technical contexts.