'archdukedom' originates from English, specifically formed from 'archduke' plus the suffix '-dom', where 'arch-' meant 'chief' and '-dom' meant 'state or domain'.

'archdukedom' developed as an English formation influenced by German 'Erzherzogtum' (literally 'arch-duke-domain') and by the component parts 'archduke' (a calque from German) plus the Old English/Old Germanic suffix '-dom' ('dōm'), and eventually became the modern English word 'archdukedom'.

Initially it meant 'the domain or jurisdiction of an archduke', and over time it has retained that core meaning as the term for such a territory or rank.