'Estrilda' originates from Neo-Latin, specifically a Latinized form 'Estrilda' derived from an earlier vernacular name (likely via Portuguese or an African language) used for small finch-like birds.

'Estrilda' appeared in 19th-century ornithological literature (often in forms such as 'Astrild' or 'Estrild') and was established as the modern genus name in taxonomic usage.

Initially it referred to a particular small finch (notably the common waxbill), but over time it came to designate the whole genus of related waxbill species.