'classical' originates from Latin, specifically the word 'classicus', where 'classis' meant 'a division, class (of citizens)'. It passed into French as 'classique' before entering English.

'classicus' in Latin changed into Old French 'classique' and New French 'classique', and the word eventually became the modern English 'classical' through borrowing and adaptation in Middle and Early Modern English.

Initially, it meant 'belonging to a class or of the highest class'; over time it developed senses referring to ancient Greek and Roman models, later extending to mean 'standard, exemplary' and to denote Western art music of certain periods.