'Archilochean' originates from Modern English, specifically formed from the proper name 'Archilochus' (Ancient Greek 'Ἀρχίλοχος') plus the adjectival suffix '-ean'.

'Archilochean' developed by taking the Ancient Greek name 'Archilochus' into Latin and later English usage as 'Archilochus', and then forming the adjective in Modern English as 'Archilochean' using the productive '-ean' suffix.

Initially it referred to the poet 'Archilochus' himself or things directly pertaining to him; over time it came to describe the characteristic tone or style of his poetry—especially biting, personal satire—and now denotes that sharp, satirical quality.